DATA & AI · SCIENTIFIC VISUALIZATION

Data Visualization Lab

Scientific evidence through distributions, time, networks and meaningful motion.

SEMANTIC COMPILERVISUAL INFERENCE

Graph & Chart Motion Pictures

Transform, inspect and compare evidence through typed state, statistical inference, contracts and diagnostics.

Enter the interactive lab ↓

CENTRAL QUESTION

WHAT CHANGED?

Typed scientific state → semantic transforms → correspondence → view + contracts → transition plan → renderer + manifest
DAILY REVIEW

STATISTICAL VISUAL REASONING STUDIO

From probability to scientific decisions.

An interactive inference layer built from the same visual grammar: distributions, samples, sampling distributions, confidence intervals, test statistics, A/B decisions, power, assumption diagnostics and multiplicity.

population→sample→estimate→uncertainty→test→decision

Distribution loaded. Adjust a control to update the visualization and its numerical summary.

SCIENTIFIC READING

RESAMPLING

Bootstrap & permutation

Visualize empirical reference distributions, exchangeability assumptions, bootstrap coverage and randomization-based p-values.

ROBUSTNESS

Nonparametric & robust alternatives

Rank tests, robust location and scale, trimmed estimators and sensitivity views when classical assumptions are fragile.

MODELS

Regression, GLMs & residual structure

Connect coefficients, uncertainty, predicted-vs-observed structure, residuals, influence and model comparison to the same evidence contract.

EXPERIMENT DESIGN

Stopping, missingness & provenance

Make sequential looks, exclusions, missing-data handling, sample-size planning and analysis provenance visible before a result becomes polished.

MATHEMATICAL STATISTICS · FOUNDATIONS ATLAS

The equations underneath the pictures.

The final reference set goes one level deeper: moments, degrees of freedom, unbiased estimation, covariance, probability bounds, derived reference distributions and regression geometry. These are now explicit rather than hidden behind test names.

01 · MOMENTSEXPECTATION

Expectation is linear

Expected value summarizes the center of a random quantity and composes cleanly across sums, even when variables are dependent.

E[aX + bY] = aE[X] + bE[Y]
MX(t) = E[etX] when finite
E[X]

Bernoulli: E[X]=p. Poisson: E[X]=Var(X)=λ. For rare Binomial events, λ≈np links the two families.

02 · ESTIMATIONDEGREES OF FREEDOM

Variance spends one degree of freedom

After the sample mean is estimated, only n−1 deviations can vary freely. Bessel's correction makes the usual sample variance unbiased.

s² = Σ(xᵢ − x̄)² / (n − 1)
E[s²] = σ²   ;   df = n−1
x̄ fixes one constraintΣ(xᵢ−x̄)=0

Bias is E[θ̂]−θ. Unbiasedness is useful, but precision, robustness and consistency still matter.

03 · ASSOCIATIONCOVARIANCE

Covariance becomes regression slope

Covariance measures joint deviation. Normalizing it gives correlation; dividing by Var(X) gives the simple-regression slope.

Cov(X,Y)=E[(X−μₓ)(Y−μᵧ)]
β₁ = Cov(X,Y) / Var(X)
β₁

Correlation is dimensionless association, not causation. Regression adds a conditional prediction model and residual assumptions.

04 · BOUNDSMARKOV · CHEBYSHEV

Probability can be bounded without a full distribution

Markov and Chebyshev trade sharpness for very weak assumptions. They show what can be guaranteed from moments alone.

X ≥ 0: P(X ≥ a) ≤ E[X]/a
Var(X)<∞: P(|X−μ| ≥ kσ) ≤ 1/k²
atail bound

Bounds are conservative; they are useful when the exact reference family is unknown or intentionally left unspecified.

05 · REFERENCE FAMILIESDERIVED DISTRIBUTIONS

z gives rise to χ², t and F

Many classical test distributions are constructed from standardized normal variables and degrees of freedom.

U=ΣZᵢ² ~ χ²ν
T=Z/√(U/ν) · F=(U₁/ν₁)/(U₂/ν₂)
t χ² F

Degrees of freedom control tail weight and skew. As df grows, t approaches Normal and χ² becomes less skewed.

06 · LINEAR MODELSCONDITIONAL DISTRIBUTION

Regression separates mean structure from residual variation

The fitted line represents E[Y|X]. The vertical spread around it is the residual distribution, whose structure carries model diagnostics.

Y = β₀ + β₁X + ε
E[Y|X]=β₀+β₁X · Var(Y|X)=σ²
ε

Residual shape, variance and dependence determine whether standard errors and tests from the fitted model are trustworthy.

PYTHON CODE COMPANION

See the semantic model behind the picture.

CURRENT CONCEPT

RESEARCH → SOFTWARE

Small enough to falsify.

The first release limits scope to six chart forms so typed state, correspondence, transitions and reproducibility can be tested before expansion.

0.0

Semantic skeleton

Types, state, scene, contracts, correspondence, serialization.

0.1

Chart Motion

Dot, line, slope, interval, histogram/density, heatmap.

0.2

Graph Motion

GraphState, node-link, matrix, node/edge events, view transitions.

0.3+

Earn complexity

Statistical, cyclic, chord, multiscale, spatial, and field motion only after validation.